Events shape our lives, even distant and dark ones. From the time I was a wee little one, I have stopped my fear of dark places. I pick up my torch and journey alone through darkened corridors leading down into bottomless caverns of events past. I stumble upon the remnants of an intricate puzzle, which I bring back with me, and in the quiet of my dreams, are assembled before me.
IMPACT
James A. Marusek
Nuclear Physicist & Engineer
U.S. Department of the Navy, retired
Global Mass Extinctions
Over the past 500 million years, great terrestrial cataclysms drove global mass extinctions. A new paper for the 36th Lunar & Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) on 14-18 March 2005 provides insight on both the timing and cause of these great mass extinctions. The Cosmic Clock, The Cycle of Terrestrial Mass Extinctions, describes two primary mechanisms: Oort cloud comet impacts and nearby supernova events. A dual cycle of extinction events is observed and well ordered in geological time. Both mechanisms are synchronized to the passage of the solar system through the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy.
Comet Impacts and Massive Volcanism
The Great Permian Extinction Debate was presented at the 35thLunar and Planetary Science Conference. The paper provides a hypothesis of the mechanisms behind the greatest mass extinction of life on Earth, the Permian extinction. The hypothesis is applicable to 5 of the 6 Great mass extinctions events that occurred at the end of the Botomian, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, and Cretaceous Ages.
At the 2nd International Planetary Defense Conference held at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. on 5-8 March 2007, I presented the following 3 papers.
- Comet threat mitigation has either been ignored or folded in with asteroid deflection options. But comets represent a distinctly different threat and it would be extremely irresponsible to not address each threat separately. My first paper Comet Threat Mitigation Approaches & Challenges identifies an exploitable weakness in the structure of comets and describes an approach for neutralizing this threat.
- Disaster preparedness is the second line of defense for comet or asteroid impact events. If efforts to deflect or destroy the inbound threat fail or if the mitigation window is too short, disaster preparedness may be the only or last line of defense. My second paper Impact Disaster Preparedness Planning provides civil defense planning for impact events.
Impact Calculator The University of Arizona recently developed a calculator for asteroid/comet impacts.
- Comet and asteroid impacts can produce a variety of damage effects. The front end of any civil defense plan is an accurate analysis of the potential threat damage. My third paper Comet and Asteroid Threat Impact Analysis provides a damage assessment for the full range of asteroid and comet threats.
Other Related Research
B612 Foundation
Near Earth Object Program
URGENT: The radar facility at Arecibo is about to be permanently closed. Why is this important to stop? This facility is a unique national asset. If an imminent asteroid or comet impact threat appears, this is the only facility capable of providing a very accurate point-of-impact location so that emergency evacuations could take place. The following bill, HR 6063 has been submitted to Congress to keep this facility alive. Please support this bill.
Supernovas and Ice Ages
Supernovae - The Force Behind Great Ice Ages describes how a string of nearby supernova events produces and reinvigorates Great Ice Ages.
Did a Supernova Cause the Collapse of a Civilization in India? Did a supernova cause the collapse of an early civilization in India around 2500-3000 BC and halt the construction of the Tower of Babel?
Did a Supernova cause the Collapse of the Bronze Age Civilizations? Great and powerful nations that controlled the Bronze Age world in some cases for almost two millennium fell within a very short span of fifty-years between 1225 B.C. and 1175 B.C. Civilization collapse overtook the Mycenaean of Greece, the Hittites of Anatolia, the Egyptian New Kingdom, the city-states of coastal Syria and the Levant, the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni, and the Kassite kingdom of Babylon. These were mighty nations and archeologists have long been puzzled by what force could cause these civilizations to fall simultaneously.
Supernova: Disaster Preparedness Plan On 26 December 2004, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the northern coast of Sumatra spawning a large tsunami. The disaster left 300,000 people dead or missing in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Myanmar, the Maldives, Bangladesh and East Africa. The island of Simeulue was the closest to the epicenter. Thirty-foot waves crashed ashore along its coast. Of the 75,000 people living on the island, only 7 perished. This was one of the greatest areas of devastation but only 7 individuals perished. Why? The inhabitants of Simeulue Island knew the tsunami warning signs (large earthquake & shoreline receding into ocean) and they knew what to do (run into the hills). In an instant, it was determined who would live and who would die. The people on Simeulue Island survived. Do you know the warning signs of a nearby supernova and what actions to take to survive? This is not a distant hypothetical threat but one that is responsible for the sudden destruction of hundreds of civilizations during the short history of mankind.
Solar Storms
The Sun is Changing States: Time to Reassess Where It May be Heading!
Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts Workshop Report
The Sun's Role in Natural Climate Change
Solar Grand Minima Preparedness Plan (i.e. Little Ice Age Preparedness Plan)
There are Two Paths Ahead
There are two paths ahead; each marked with a “Danger” signpost
The Sun is Undergoing a State Change was published in spanish in the March/April 2010 edition of Athanor Magazine under the title El Sol y el cambio climático.
Terrorism: Civil Defense Preparedness
A Citizen's Guide to Terrorism Preparedness and Response: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear by the American Council on Science and Health.
Nuclear War: Civil Defense Preparedness
Nuclear War Survival Skills by Cresson Kearny.
The Global Warming Theory
Is the Global Warming Theory set upon a firm foundation or is it constructed on quicksand? Global Warming - Experimental Results
Natural Global Cooling Theory vs. Man-Made Global Warming Theory
The Other Side of the Global Warming Debate An inventory of references refuting the Anthropogenic Global Warming Theory.
My Comments to the EPA Proposed Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under the Clean Air Act.
The Origin of the Ozone Hole
Two theories exist that explain ozone depletion and the formation of the ozone hole. One theory postulates the cause is anthropogenic (release of man-made chemicals). The other theory postulates the cause is natural (due to a weakening of Earth's magnetic field). The Origin of the Ozone Hole - Natural or Anthropogenic
The Other Side of the Ozone Depletion Debate The Ozone Depletion Theory - Natural or Anthropogenic?
The Environmental Movement
DDT Ban - Almost a half billion people contract malaria each year. Over a million of them die. DDT is the most effective weapon against malaria. But it was banned. Was that decision based on faulty research?
The Other Side of the Biodiversity Debate An inventory of references refuting the Theory that Man is Primarily Responsible for Great Destruction of Biodiversity on Earth.
Extreme Weather Events - Hurricanes and Tornados
The Relationship between Cosmic Rays and Hurricanes was presented at the 2nd International Conference on Global Warming and the Next Ice Age. The conference, sponsored by Los Alamos National Laboratory, was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on July 17-21, 2006.
Prediction for the Year 2011
Origin of Life
Did you ever wonder how life developed on this planet? The Origin of Life on Planet Earth describes one hypothesis.
Origin of the Universe
Have you heard of the Big Bang theory? What happens when a black hole dies? This hypothesis is called the Popcorn Theory of the Universe.
Mathematics
When I was young, I created a new branch of mathematics. This happened almost by accident. I named this collection of formulas Pattern Mathematics.
In 1982, I developed an innovative analytical technique to assess aging degradation in non-homogeneous populations. The technique is referred to as "Delta Analysis".
Early New England Photographic Inventions
Heliography: A Chronology of New England Inventions and Innovations in the 19th Century was published in the Spring 2003 issue of The New England Journal of Photographic History, Number 163.
The Great Flood
Could there be a scientific basis for The Great Flood?
Legacy
Cats
Water Purfication
Links to Other Interesting Theories
Russian-Ukrianian Theory of Deep Abiotic Petroleum Origin Over a thousand research papers have been published supporting this theory.
The Origin of Methane (and Oil) in the Crust of the Earth by Thomas Gold.
An Introduction to the Modern Petroleum Science, and to the Russian-Ukrainian Theory of Deep, Abiotic Petroleum Origins. by J.F. Kenney.
Is the World's Obsession with Viral Etiology off-the-mark? - Could the root cause of Bird Flu, SARS, AIDS, Mad Cow Disease and the next Great pandemic be due to an atypical mycobacteria instead?
Validity of the Linear No-Threshold Theory of Radiation Carcinogenesis at Low Doses - The human body is able to absorb low levels of radiation without harm.
The Health Effects of Low Level Radiation (long download)
Oxygen - The primary root cause of age related diseases (Alzheimer's disease, heart attacks, cancer, arthritis etc.)
A Cure for Cancer - Maybe there is a magic bullet!
Research Conclusions
Great Ice Ages are very rare events (3 in the last 500 million years). When viewed from geological time, the Earth presently resides in the middle of a Great Pleistocene Ice Age, a major extinction boundary. The current Ice Age began 1.7 million years ago and will continue for another million years or so. During an Ice Age, the Earth experiences a string of Global Cooling Events (GCE) triggered by nearby (<2,000 light year distant) supernovae. Ice core data implies GCE occur approximately every 1,000-1,500 years. During these events, very high energy galactic cosmic rays from supernova events produce short intense periods of radiation (days/weeks) at the planet's surface followed by long, less intense periods of radiation (stretching hundreds of years) in the Earth's atmosphere.
Once the Earth passes out of this Great Ice Age, it will experience a long period of calm in which life will flourish. This calm will last approximately 80 million years until the Earth enters another extinction boundary. At that time, the passage of the solar system through a Milky Way spiral arm will dislodge a large number of comets from their orbit in the Oort Cloud. A collision of one or more comet fragments with Earth will then produce another Great Mass Extinction.
Many of these papers are stored in Adobe Portable Document Format (pdf) to facilitate printing. Your computer will require an Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print. A free download version is available at the following link.
This web site will touch upon the following subjects: Abiotic petroleum origin, acid rain, acidic gases, acoustic fluidization, aging, AIDS, albedo, albumen, Alzheimer's disease, ambrotype, amniotic eggs, anoxic, Archaea, Arecibo, aromatics, arthritis, asteroid, asteroids, asymmetric, atomic structure, atypical mycobacteria, Aurora Borealis, basalt eruptions, Big Bang theory, Big Crunch theory, black hole, Black Plague, black rain, Bragg Peak, blast wave, bubonic plague, buckminsterfullerenes, calcium carbonate, calotype, cancer, cancer cluster, carbon dioxide, carbon cycle, carbonic acid, cataclysm, CCN, Chicxulub, civil defense, climate change, cloud, CME, cloud condensation nuclei, cloud condensing nuclei, collide, collision, collodion, comet, comets, communication, conflagrations, construction, corn, Coronal Mass Ejection, cosmic clock, cosmic radiation, cosmic rays, Cretaceous, crop production, cycle 24, cycle 25, Dark Age, dark matter, darkness, Deccan traps, deep impactors, daguerreotype, dementia, deoxyribonucleic acid, destruction, Devonian, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloromethylmethane, digit notation, dimethyl sulfide, dinosaurs, dipole, disaster, disaster preparedness, distribution, DDT, DMS, DNA, earth, earthquake, electrical blackout, electrical power grid, electromagnetic pulse, electrophonic bursters, elementary particles, Emeishan traps, emergency plan, EMP, epidemic, europium, evacuation, exit vector, expedient shelter, extermination, extinct, extinction, extraterrestrial impact markeres, extreme weather, famine, fern spike, fireball, firestorm, flood, flooding, fluorine salt, food chain, forecast, framboidal pyrite, fullerenes, Galactic Cosmic Rays, galaxy, GCR, Geiger counter, geomagnetic, geomagnetic storm, glacial, global, Global Cooling, global firestorm, global mass extinctions, Global Warming, gluon, grain mill, grains, gravitational switch, GRO J0852-4642, ground shock, Guadalupian-Lapingian Boundary, gypsum, heart attack, heavy metals, heliograph, heliography, heliomagnetic, Heliosphere, Holocene, major Atlantic hurricane, hydrocarbon, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, hypercapnic acidosis, Ice Age, IGRF, impact, impact winter, infrastructure, interglacial, ionization, ionizing radiation, iridium, Justinian plague, kinetic energy, Kuiper Belt, Lakagigar Eruption, landslides, lava flows, leukemia, light-year, lime, linear no-threshold theory, Little Ice Age, long period comet, LPC, magnetic field, magnetic pole reversal, magnetic pulse, major cataclysm, malaria, marine invertebrates, mass fires, mathematics, Maunder Minimum, megaton, melainotype, meteor, meteorite, meteorites, meteors, microspherules, mitochondria, mutagen, mutation, nanoTesla, NASA, natural heat transport mechanism, neo, neutron star, New England, nova, nT, nuclear, nuclear explosion, nuclear particle radiation, nuclear war, nuclear winter, nucleus, neutrino, octupole, Oort cloud, Ordovician, organic carbon, origin of life, oxygen depletion, ozone layer, pandemic, patent search, pattern mathematics, peak overpressure, Permian, Permian extinction, Permian-Triassic Boundary, pestilence, petroleum origin, petroleum cracking process, plague, plan, photograph, photographers, photographic inventions, photographic patents, photography, phytoplankton, planning, platinum print, Pleiades, Pleistocene, Popcorn theory of the Universe, power blackout, prepare, preparation, preparedness, primordial hydrocarbons, proton, QGP, quadrupole, quark, radiation, radiation meter, radiation shielding, reboot civilization, recovery, Rinderpest, RX J0852.0-4622, salt print, satellite, shielding, shocked quartz, Siberian traps, SNEWS, solar cycle, solar irradiance, solar storm, solar flare, solar proton event, solar wind, South Atlantic Anomaly, SPE, spectral type O, spectral type B, spiral arm, storminess, SSA, starvation, stockpiles, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sunspots, superanoxic, supernova, survival, tectonic plate, terpenes, thermal radiation, threat analysis, threat mitigation, tnt, major tornado, Tower of Babel, transportation, Triassic, tsunami, threat, threat analysis, threat assessment, ultraviolet, Tunguska, underground, UV radiation, volcanic, volcano, water filtration, water treatment, Wuchiapingian-Changshingian Boundary, Yersinia Pestis, weather forecasting.
In the event of an impending cataclysm (a nearby supernova, asteroid/comet impact, or massive solar storm), in order to disseminate this information expeditiously, I grant permission for anyone with the means to copy and post this website as a mirrored website. Under these circumstances, I also grant permission to anyone with the means to copy and reproduce this material in printed form. This permission is granted for a period of 60 days beginning when the threat first materializes.